Seven Mummies
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Misfit group of convicts find a fabled treasure and horrific death when they uncover the secret of the lost gold of the Tumacacori. For over one hundred years the Spanish Conquistadors tore raw gold from the heart of the Guachapa Mountains, where they enslaved ten thousand native Hohokam Indians and twenty-five hundred labor laden burros, creating a line of man and beast that snaked for more than two hundred miles across the Southwest desert to a secret place of hiding. Seven Jesuit priests vowed to protect the precious gold until the Spanish came to remove the treasure and take the wealth to another place. But the Spanish never returned, and as the priests aged and died, they were mummified and placed in pine coffins with the treasure to protect it for all eternity. For over four hundred years no one came to this place. Until the great migration West, when new untamed settlers opened up the rugged frontier, and a small town was built over the ancient treasure site, where the men mined and looked for riches. And when they uncovered the Spanish treasure, they awoke the seven Jesuit priests from their sleep, and the seven mummies sought revenge for those that had disturbed the gold. They killed the entire people of the town and placed them into a state of purgatory, the walking dead now cursed to protect the treasure of the Tumacacori..... And now, another one hundred years later, six misfit convicts try to escape across the sun scorched desert to Mexico in search of freedom, but find a gold medallion covered with unknown symbols and an Apache holy man who tells them of the lost Spanish wealth. More gold than ten men can spend in ten life times together. As the group stumbles into the old frontier town at dusk to seek their fortune at taking the gold, they are forced to confront the town's wicked sheriff, Drake, and his two deadly deputies, who will stop at nothing to keep the convicts from finding the lost treasure of the Tumacacori and discovering the secret of the seven mummies.  
The mummification methods of an ancient maritime population on the northern coast of Chile are reviewed and the findings in an additional seven individuals are reported. Members of this cultural group, Chinchorro, practiced a selective, elaborate form of artificial mummification which persisted more than 4,000 years. Its complexity diminished with time, gradually disappearing after 2,000 B.C. One of the seven individuals herein reported is a rather poorly but spontaneously (\"naturally\") preserved body that may represent the oldest mummy reported to date--about 9,000 years old. Chemical reconstruction of their diet demonstrates that the principal component was derived from marine resources with only minor supplementation from terrestrial hunting as well as food gathering from river mouth vegetal sources, confirming the marine dependence of their adaptational strategy.
This is a movie you should not watch by yourself. Not because it's scary, but because otherwise you won't be able to sit through it. In all seriousness: there are better movies you could be watching. But if you want to watch a bad movie with cowboy-ninja-zombie-mummies, look no further.
Archaeologists have reported on the discovery of a 900-year-old crypt in Sudan containing seven mummified bodies and walls covered with inscriptions. The text appears to have been written as a form of protection for the individuals contained inside, which includes a powerful religious leader.
The tomb was found in 1993 in a monastery at Old Dongola, the capital of a lost medieval kingdom called Makuria that flourished in the Nile Valley. However, it was not excavated until 2009 when seven males were found inside in a naturally well-preserved state. They were wearing linen garments and some of the individuals wore the Christian cross.
One of the mummies is believed to be the Archbishop Georgios, probably the most powerful religious leader in the kingdom, because an epitaph naming him was found nearby, which says that he died in 1113 AD at the age of 82.
A team from the Egypt's Mummies Conservation Project has finished restoring a group of seven mummies in the El-Muzawaa necropolis in Dakhla oasis, completing the first phase of the project, Gharib Sonbol, head of Ancient Egyptian restoration projects at the Ministry of Antiquities, told Ahram Online.
The restoration of Al-Muzawaa necropolis mummies came within the framework of the project, which launched three years ago by the ministry to preserve and maintain all mummies stored in Egyptian storehouses.
Aymen Ashmawi, head of the Ancient Egyptian Antiquities sector at the ministry, explains that the project started with the conservation of mummies in the Mostafa Kamel gallery storehouses in Alexandria and at the Alexandria National Museum, as well as those in the Kom Ushim stores in Fayouom.
He explained that during the recently completed work, the team noted that two mummies have \"screaming\" faces, a term used to describe mummies with open mouths. The hands of a third mummy were bound with rope.
Humans have long envisioned the continuation of life past death. Ancient Egyptians, for example, are famous for their elaborate funerary rituals and beliefs about the afterlife. But the practice of deliberately preserving bodies extends possibly 3,500 years earlier than the mummies of ancient Egypt. And mummies buried with riches and personal objects are found all over the world.
In some cases, these mummies provide detailed glimpses into the beliefs and practices of ancient cultures. Mummies, and the objects entombed with them, reveal what people found important, their spiritual symbols, and what they believed happened after death. Autopsies conducted by modern-day scientists can reveal what these ancient people ate, what diseases they suffered from, and ultimately what killed them.
According to Archaeology magazine (opens in new tab), these mummies were as carefully prepared as any royal in ancient Egypt. Their organs were removed and their muscles stripped from the bones. The bodies were then reassembled with reeds, plant matter and clay to replace the removed innards. The skin was painted black or red. Elaborate human-hair wigs and sculpted clay masks were added to complete the postmortem treatment.
Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are widely used for forensic and anthropological applications, like paternal kinship analysis, familial searching, and genetic identification of human remains (Coble et al., 2009; Haas et al., 2013; Kyser, 2017), but also for discerning the origins of migration routes and demographic processes that occurred in historical and prehistoric times (Jobling and Tyler-Smith, 2003; Larmuseau and Ottoni, 2018). The Yfiler Plus multiplex kit consists of 27 STRs including highly polymorphic loci and seven well characterized rapidly mutating markers (RM-YSTRs) with mutation rates upward of 1% (Gopinath et al., 2016), that can provide an increased power of discrimination and improve the level of paternal lineage differentiation (Olofsson et al., 2015; Rapone et al., 2016). Moreover, due to the new primer design and master mix optimization, the Yfiler Plus is designed for efficient amplification of extracted DNA casework samples, like degraded and low-template DNA.
Yfiler Plus STRs markers were successfully amplified for at least 10 loci in 19 out of 25 ancient DNA samples and, as expected, in all the 14 analyzed modern individuals from Roccapelago (Table 2). In particular, only five of the analyzed ancient specimens (namely samples 23-7, 23-31, 23-46, 26-05, and 26-32) provided complete results for all the 27 loci of the Yfiler Plus; for the remaining genotyped mummies partial Y-chromosome haplotypes were instead obtained consisting of 25 (samples 23-06, 23-41, 26-1, and 26-10), 24 (samples 23-12, 23-44, 26-42, and 26-43), 21 (samples 23-42, 26-50), 16 (samples 23-01, 28-05), 14 (sample 26-49), and 10 (sample 28-02) STR markers, respectively. Not surprisingly, the two human remains from the oldest stratigraphic unit (i.e., SU28) showed the lowest number of genotyped Y-STRs loci. The remaining amplified ancient samples provided less than nine Y-STRs loci and therefore were not considered for the analyses.
The phylogenetic relationships between modern and ancient haplotypes (including only individuals showing no more than three missing loci as above) were visually represented by means of a MJ Network (Figure 2). As expected, haplotypes clustered based on corresponding haplogroup lineage, also showing little differences in STR profiles between the ancient and modern individuals of Roccapelago within the same haplogroups. In particular, the haplotype shared between the modern 4A and 10A samples, also shows a single different locus with respect to the 25 markers successfully typed in the ancient mummy 23-41. Analogously, all the six J1 ancient samples (23-31, 23-12, 23-46, 26-05, 26-32, 26-43) appear one-step or two-steps neighbors of the modern J1 sample 16. The ancient J2b mummies 23-7 and 23-06 (successfully typed for all the 27 and for 25 loci, respectively) share an identical Y-chromosome haplotype with the modern individual 17A, as outlined also above by the haplotype sharing analysis. Similarly, the 24 genotyped loci of the ancient mummy 23-44 match the haplotype of the modern individual 7A, further showing one or at most two different loci also with respect to the other modern R1b individuals who share the same surname of 7A (namely 15A, 18, and 21A).
Median Joining (MJ) network analysis of the Y-chromosome haplotypes based on the 27 Yfiler Plus STRs in the 13 ancient and 14 modern samples from Roccapelago. Present-day individuals are highlighted in white dots, ancient mummies from the stratigraphic units SU23 in light-gray and those from the SU26 in dark-gray.
Among the modern individuals sharing the same surnames a one-step mutation was observed in at least one RM Y-STR (DYS570, DYS627, and DYS518). This finding supports again the potentially increased mutability of these markers, which would ideally become the first choice for Y-STR testing in forensic casework (excluding family testing) due to their superior value in paternal lineage differentiation as well as male relative separation (Ballantyne et al., 2012; Boattini et al., 2016). The data also confirmed that the YFiler Plus kit offers higher power of discrimination and enhanced chemistry for improved performance with challenging samples, as well as a higher resolution than the YFiler panel, especially thanks to the seven newly-included RM loci that on average showed the higher values of gene diversity (Table 4). This agrees with previously published data (Olofsson et al., 2015; Rapone et al., 2016; Fan et al., 2019). The Yfiler Plus ability to discriminate among closely related males could have useful applications especially in situations of multiple victims from the same family buried together, like a mass grave, or mummies discovered in a crypt (Ambers et al., 2018), by however considering the possibility of false exclusions due to mutation when compared to living relatives in kinship testing. 59ce067264
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